Formation of Information on Carbon Units and Greenhouse Emission Quotas in Accounting Financial Statements

Abstract

Significance. Due to the large number of approaches to accounting for emission allowances and carbon units developed by researchers, it is important to develop a common approach to the preparation and disclosure of relevant information in the financial statements of companies. The goal of the article is to systematize and generalize knowledge of the problems and possibilities of accounting for greenhouse gas emissions and carbon units in corporate financial reporting. Methods. The research methodology is based on a dialectical approach, observation, synthesis of disparate information, analysis of the results obtained; as well as elements of accounting methods, such as accounts, balance sheets, reporting, etc. The information base consists of scientific works of Russian and foreign scientists devoted to the problems of accounting and reflection in reporting of environmental costs. Results. We proposed to detail individual items of the balance sheet, the financial performance report, the report on the targeted use of funds, as well as the notes to the balance sheet and the financial performance report - in terms of indicators related to accounting information on greenhouse gas quotas and carbon units. The proposed amendments to paragraph 8 of the Regulation (PBU) 10/99 "Organizational Costs" for the normative consolidation of an additional element is related to the cost of carbon units in the composition of cost elements. Conclusions. The ability to produce accounting financial reports that include information on emission quotas and carbon units avoids the need for additional reporting forms. Lines in the balance sheet, income statement and accompanying notes can be detailed to provide external users with the information they need. This approach does not require any changes to accounting software, making it applicable at any time and in any company. A promising direction for further research could be to investigate similar issues in management reporting.

For citing: Gallyamov E.A. Formation of Information on Carbon Units and Greenhouse Emission Quotas in Accounting Financial Statements. Research in Economic and Financial Problems. 2025;1:4. https://doi.org/10.31279/2782-6414-2025-1-4 EDN FPZMUE