Economic sustainability of agriculture in Russian Federation: Possibilities for achievement in new environment

Abstract

Introduction. In modern environment, rural populations, agricultural producers, and the Russian government are faced with the need to find new ways to ensure the economic sustainability of the agricultural sector. Increasing climate threats, environmental degradation, geopolitical instability, and rapid technological advances are creating a complex set of factors affecting the functioning of agricultural enterprises and their economic and social performance. This article, therefore, emphasizes that the economic sustainability of agriculture is a fundamental condition for the long-term development of rural areas and plays a key role in ensuring the country's food security.
Aim. To identify the factors and conditions that determine the economic sustainability of agriculture and to systematize approaches to its assessment.
Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the work includes an interdisciplinary analysis of theoretical and applied works by domestic and international authors, a comparison of various sustainability concepts, and a statistical assessment of the dynamics of agricultural production based on Rosstat data for 2018-2024. The tools included review, analytical research methods, and comparative assessments, as well as comprehensive indicators reflecting the economic, social, and technological parameters for the development of the agricultural sector of the economy.
Results. It has been scientifically proven that agriculture is demonstrating positive trends in terms of increased production volumes, particularly in crop production and, in terms of organizational forms, in farms. At the same time, key barriers to achieving sustainability were identified, the main ones being limited access to innovation and financing for small and medium-sized farms, labor shortages, high dependence on imported technologies, and climate challenges.
Conclusion. The scientific novelty lies in its clarification of the concept of "economic sustainability," particularly as it applies to rural areas, and in its justification for the need for an integrated approach combining economic, environmental, and social sustainability criteria. The applied significance lies in the formulation of recommendations that are in demand in practice, aimed at supporting the agricultural sector and the development of rural areas in the long term.

To cite: Golovina S.G., Kuznetsova A.R. Economic sustainability of agriculture in Russian Federation: Possibilities for achievement in new environment. Research in Economic and Financial Problems. 2025;4:2. https://doi.org/10.31279/2782-6414-2025-4-2