The current state of fixed capital reproduction in the agricultural sector

Abstract

The reproduction of fixed assets is fundamental to the functioning of agriculture. However, comprehensive studies examining the dynamics of this process with due regard for regional differentiation and the age structure of machinery remain insufficient, necessitating a more detailed analysis of the dynamics, structure, and age characteristics of fixed assets. The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of fixed asset reproduction in Russian agriculture between 2020 and 2025, identify trends in the structure of assets and the age composition of machinery, and assess regional disparities in the resource endowment of the agricultural sector. The research is based on data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The dynamics of fixed asset value across federal districts, the structure of assets by type, and the age structure of the machinery fleet (new — up to 3 years, outdated — 3–10 years, worn-out — over 10 years) were analyzed using methods of statistical analysis, comparison, generalization, and forecasting. By 2025, the value of fixed assets is projected to reach RUB 10,500.3 billion (with an annual growth rate of 9.5%). The Central Federal District leads with a share of 35.2% of the national total, while the highest growth rates are observed in the Northwestern (10.5%) and Far Eastern (10.2%) federal districts. The share of machinery and equipment increased to 43.2% (+82.3% compared to 2020), indicating ongoing modernization. However, the proportion of worn-out machinery reached 48–50%, the weighted average age of the fleet increased by 0.5–0.7 years over the five-year period, and the share of new machinery remained at around 12%. The findings highlight the need for a differentiated approach to renewing the agricultural sector's material and technical base, taking into account regional and age-related characteristics of machinery. The results of this study can inform adjustments to agricultural support policies, leasing and lending programs, and investment planning for modernization. Future research should explore the drivers of fixed asset renewal and develop scenarios for the development of the sector's material and technical base.

To cite: Antsiferova O.Yu., Novikova V.A. The current state of fixed capital reproduction in the agricultural sector. Research in Economic and Financial Problems. 2026;1:2. https://doi.org/10.31279/2782-6414-2026-1-2