Accounting of digital financial assets as part of working assets: Methods of estimation and representation in Russian practice

Abstract

This paper examines accounting challenges associated with digital financial assets (DFAs) as a new type of current assets in the context of the digital transformation of the Russian financial system. The objective is to propose key accounting elements of digital financial assets for reflection in accounting (financial) statements, focused on accounting of economic entities of the Russian Federation. The study analyzes key regulatory acts and International Financial Reporting Standards that govern the classification and valuation of financial instruments. Building on this analysis, the paper summarizes current problems in digital asset accounting. Major differences between DFAs and traditional current assets are identified based on such criteria as legal nature, form of existence, inventory procedures, and valuation methods. A scheme of accounting transactions for the main DFA transactions is proposed, based on Federal Accounting Standards (formerly PBU) 19/02 "Accounting for financial investments", which complements the existing gaps in the regulatory framework for DFA accounting according to the standards. Furthermore, recommendations are developed regarding disclosure of information in financial (accounting) statements, thereby enabling users to make economically informed decisions in the context of digital economic transformation. The findings can be used by accounting specialists, auditors, as well as government regulatory authorities in improving the regulatory framework for accounting. The study of DFA accounting is of particular importance due to the active development of the Russian digital asset market and the absence of a specialized accounting standard for such assets. The results make it possible to focus on solving current problems in DFA accounting, which opens new perspectives for further research in accounting, analysis, and valuation of DFAs in the modern business environment.

To cite: Gordeev K.S. Accounting of digital financial assets as part of working assets: Methods of estimation and representation in Russian practice. Research in Economic and Financial Problems. 2026;2:7. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31279/2782-6414-2026-2-7